Fuel Injection Effect on In-cylinder Formation and Exhaust Emission of Particulate from a 4-Stroke Engine for 2-Wheel Vehicles 2010-01-0354
The small engine for two-wheel vehicles has generally high possibility to be optimized at low speeds and high loads. In these conditions fuel consumption and pollutants emission should be reduced maintaining the performance levels. This optimization can be realized only improving the basic knowledge of the thermo-fluid dynamic phenomena occurring during the combustion process.
It is known that, during the fuel injection phase in PFI SI engines, thin films of liquid fuel can form on the valves surface and on the cylinder walls. Successively the fuel films interact with the intake manifold and the combustion chamber gas flow. During the normal combustion process, it is possible to achieve gas temperature and mixture strength conditions that lead to fuel film ignition. This phenomenon can create diffusion-controlled flames that can persist well after the normal combustion event. These flames induce the emission of soot and unburned hydrocarbons.
In this paper, experimental activities were carried out in the combustion chamber of a single-cylinder 4-stroke optical engine. The engine was equipped with a four-valve head of a commercial Piaggio engine for 2-wheel vehicle. Two injectors were tested: standard 3-hole injector and 10-hole injector for multi-cylinder engine of a passenger car.
High spatial resolution digital imaging was used to characterize the flame propagation. The presence of diffusion-controlled flames near the valves and on the cylinder walls was investigated. The flames induced the formation of unburned hydrocarbons and soot particles. The in-cylinder optical investigations were correlated with particulate emissions. The effect of three-way catalyst on the exhaust particles was examined.
Citation: Merola, S., Sementa, P., Tornatore, C., Carmignani, L. et al., "Fuel Injection Effect on In-cylinder Formation and Exhaust Emission of Particulate from a 4-Stroke Engine for 2-Wheel Vehicles," SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0354, 2010, https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-0354. Download Citation
Author(s):
Simona Merola, Paolo Sementa, Cinzia Tornatore, Luca Carmignani, Stefano Di Palma
Affiliated:
Istituto Motori CNR, Piaggio & C SpA
Pages: 14
Event:
SAE 2010 World Congress & Exhibition
ISSN:
0148-7191
e-ISSN:
2688-3627
Also in:
SI Combustion and Direct Injection SI Engine Technology, 2010-SP-2278
Related Topics:
Combustion chambers
Particulate matter (PM)
Exhaust emissions
Spark ignition engines
Combustion and combustion processes
Fuel injection
Three-way catalysts
Hydrocarbons
Engine cylinders
Fuel consumption
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